HOMEOPATHIC RESEARCH

-JAHR Georg Heinrich Gottlieb Although in most cases the symptoms in these organs are caused by the spreading of the disease from the fauces, yet they may likewise be attacked by themselves, and, inasmuch as in such cases the true nature of the malady may easily be overlooked, it seems indispensable that these forms should be considered more in detail. (1) Syphilitic affection of the Larynx.-Syphilitic ulceration of the larynx, if occurring by itself, generally sets in a long time after (the disappearance of the primary symptoms, in which case it is accompanied by all the symptoms of ordinary affections of the larynx, such as: a certain uneasy feeling and a seated painfulness in the region of the larynx, alteration or even loss of voice, difficulty of breathing, short cough, with a desire to hawk up the stuff which obstructs the larynx, and expectoration of purulent substance streaked with blood. If the affection progresses, fever may supervene, with night-sweats and all the other s

-JAHR Georg Heinrich Gottlieb We have shown that the secondary syphilitic products on the mucous membrane of the throat and mouth may appear: (1) as superficial, whitish, tettery ulcerations; (2) as simple chancres of the tonsils; (3) as phagedænic chancres of the fauces; (4) as spots or papules that soon disappear again; (5) as mucous tubercles, and (6) as circular herpetic ulcers accompanied by a squamous exanthem on the skin; and that these ulcers may not only be attended with condylomatous growths, but may likewise cause the most fearful destructions; may eat away the palatine and nasal bones, and may result in caries of the cervical vertebræ Usually, at least very frequently, these phenomena set in with a simple redness and puffiness of the mucous membrane, which is nowhere ulcerated, but very frequently streaked with varicose vessels, and sometimes here and there covered with a layer of tenacious mucus; this condition, which is known under the name of angina syphilitica, may co

-JAHR Georg Heinrich Gottlieb Among these we mention, as first in rank, the syphilitic rhagades between the toes, which are almost always overlooked, although they are scarcely ever unaccompanied by other secondary syphilitic phenomena, principally affections of the throat. Always in a state of ulceration, they resemble pretty accurately the rhagades at the anus; they are somewhat raised, oblong, deep, and of a violet-red; at the same time they incline to spread towards the balls of the feet, and may render walking very troublesome and painful. They may likewise show themselves in the shape of cracks around the rounded borders of the nails, where they secrete, like the former rhagades, a purulent, ichorous, very fetid serum. On the mammæ, on the contrary, truly secondary ulcers are very rare; most of these ulcers, which are principally seen on the mammæ of nursing women in the shape of mucous tubercles are undoubtedly caused by infection communicated by syphilitic infants; they do,

-JAHR Georg Heinrich Gottlieb These rhagades consist of narrow, elongated ulcers, or cracks in the folds of the anus. They are more or less numerous, scarcely ever show themselves except in cases of unmistakable constitutional syphilis, and may be confounded by inexperienced persons with rhagades, or lacerations caused by the passage of hard excrements, by the introduction of a foreign body, or even by hæmorrhoids. These last-mentioned rhagades, however, are easily distinguished from syphilitic ones, by the fact that they are seldom very numerous, and always exhibit a red (more or less bleeding) surface, and not very elevated borders: whereas, syphilitic rhagades are numerous, rest for the most part upon a rather hard and swollen surface, and have a rather hard and lardaceous base, with red, hard, raised edges. According to some authors, these rhagades, are, in some cases, quite superficial, not very painful, with soft and smooth edges, and secretion of a whitish pus, in which case i

-JAHR Georg Heinrich Gottlieb Most of these ulcers which present themselves for treatment are, most likely, consecutive symptoms of the transition stage from the primary into the secondary period, although I have met them in company with unmistakably secondary phenomena. They are most frequently seen near the inferior commissure, at the entrance of the vagina and on the perineum. The pratings of old-school physicians concerning the difficulty of curing ulcers located near the inferior commissure must, however, not be referred to the nature of these ulcers, but should be understood of the peculiar manner in which these gentlemen treat such ulcers, exclusively by external means, and thus securing their cicatrization. If treated with appropriate specific remedies internally, they yield to such treatment neitheir sooner nor later than any other ulcers of the same class, no matter where located; only those which are seated at the entrance of the vagina (if of a phagedænic character, and a

-JAHR Georg Heinrich Gottlieb What we have said at the conclusion of the preceding paragraph, of the circular form as being common to some non-syphilitic eruptions, applies equally to some other symptoms which both syphilitic and non-syphilitic exanthems have in common. In order, therefore, to furnish all the means which may assist in establishing a correct and discriminating diagnosis, we deem it indispensable to present a list of the non-syphilitic cutaneous affections with which the syphiloids are most easily confounded. These are, in general; (1) some exanthematic and epidemic eruptions; (2) certain dermoid affections of the face; (3) various herpetic eruptions; and (4) some forms of mercurial syphiloid eruptions, all of which we will consider more particularly in the following article. 1. Exanthematic and Epidemic forms. Under this head, rubeola, varicella and varioloid deserve our first attention. As regards rubeola (roseola communis), with which, in case the patient should de

-JAHR Georg Heinrich Gottlieb That form of psoriasis which approximates most nearly the common, non-syphilitic psoriasis, is psoriasis diffusa; and more particularly the variety designated as psoriasis guttata. Psoriasis diffusa consists of rather large, round or irregular, yellowish, pale-red, or copper-colored spots, that become covered with hard, brittle, faint-white scales, the centre of which frequently ulcerates and forms a blackish scurf; the scaly spot frequently shows slight cracks from which a clear serum oozes out, which may be succeeded by ulcerations and condylomatous growths. This form is most frequently seen in the face, though it may likewise break out on the hands and around the ankles, and, according to some, even around the anus and on the scrotum. Psoriasis guttata, which occurs much more frequently, is not, as some assert, confined exclusively to the hairy scalp; on the contrary, it may spread over the whole surface of the body. On the body it is seen in the sha

-The poultry doctor Swelled crop Caused by eating too much or from something that prevents the food from passing out of the crop, as the passage from the crop to the gizzard may be clogged with long dry grass, old rags, or other substances. The hen ruffles her feathers, throws her head back and her crop feels packed ready to burst. Fasting and gentle manipulation generally cures. Nux vomica or Arsenicum will aid in giving relief. Some breeders as a last resort cut the crop a little with a very sharp knife, withdraw the food and sew up the wound with a silk thread. In the latter case anoint the cut with Calendula cerate, or, if that is not at hand, with Arnica and water. Swelled head From some cause not clear, the heads of hens will often swell greatly and be very hot. Exposure to draughts of air, however, is a fruitful cause of both swelled heads and swollen eyes. Spongia has given relief in many cases but Belladonna is the indicated remedy for this trouble; Bryonia also will rel

-The poultry doctor Under this heading is grouped, too often, the whole series of catarrhal affections. If Webster's Unabridged is opened and "Roup" looked up, the inquirer is referred to "Roop"; turning to that word he is again referred to "Croup", and that really is "Roup". Dunglison's Medical Dictionary also gives the same derivation. The difference between croup and diphtheria, in brief, and, what closer study would probably reveal to be analogous, roup and pip, is, that in roup the mucus remains slimy and stringy, while in pip it hardens and forms the "scale". Be that as it may, roup is the bane of chicken-raisers and of chickens. The disease is characterized by a foul breath, offensive discharges from the nostrils, inflamed and swollen head, sore eyes, and a cankerous-looking throat and mouth. The homoeopathic remedy for roup is Spongia, and if homoeopathy had done nothing else for poultry breeders than to give them th

-JAHR Georg Heinrich Gottlieb All syphilitic pustules have this in common, that they may break out in all parts of the body, and that they are frequently accompanied by the worst secondary phenomena, such as secondary chancres, exostoses, bone pains etc., or that they have become evolved with other syphilidæ as a final consummation. According to Cazenave, they may break out as a truly protopathic product immediately after infection has taken place. But the case upon which he bases his opinion was an infection, not contracted by sexual connection, but by inoculation. The victim was a physician with a sore finger, who assisted to woman who had a chancre, in confinement. Two or three months after infection, red spots broke out, followed by numerous pustules on the lower and upper extremities, shoulders, and head, which were at first mistaken for varioloid, but afterwards revealed their syphilitic character by chancrous ulcers, whose aspect reminded one of the descriptions of syphilis fr

-JAHR Georg Heinrich Gottlieb In most cases, if the question is merely to distinguish syphilitic products from similar products of syphilitic diseases, such a diagnosis is comparatively easy. All syphilitic products are so characteristic in their appearance that any one who has seen them only once, and has read our description of these products in the following paragraphs, can scarcely ever remain in doubt concerning their true nature, so much more as, besides the anamnestic influences bearing upon the case, the diagnosis is facilitated by this other circumstance, that these secondary forms or products never occur singly, but always in company with others; for instance, ulcerations of the mucous membranes, or affections of bones, in company with suspicious cutaneous eruptions, or several kinds of the different syphilidæ, such as pustules, maculæ, herpes, etc., at one and the same time. At the same time, a close examination will very frequently reveal the existence of old chancres in

-JAHR Georg Heinrich Gottlieb Having seen that secondary phenomena generally may set in in four or six weeks, or even at a much earlier period after the breaking out of the first protopathic symptoms, or at any rate, prior in their complete disappearances; the other not less important question now presents itself, how long a period may elapse, after the disappearance of the primary product, before all danger of further developments of the syphilitic disease shall have passed away entirely? If we would believed every thing that writers on syphilis have related on this subject as authentic, it would seem as though this danger continued during the whole lifetime of the patient; so that, if he had been afflicted years ago with a chancre, or even a simple gonorrhoea, and had enjoyed the most perfect health ever since, even for the period of twenty or more years, he may, nevertheless, wake one fine morning with one or the other suspicious looking symptom, or even, according to circumstance

-JAHR Georg Heinrich Gottlieb Here two questions arise: (1) What is the shortest period when they may manifest themselves subsequently to the breaking out of the primary, protophathic symptoms? and (2) What is the longest period when the danger of secondary symptoms breaking out may still exist, even after the primary disease seemed to have been thoroughly eradicated? As regards the first question, when secondary phenomena may arise in the shortest time, it is certain, not only according to my own observations, but likewise those of all other physicians who have had opportunities of observing the course of the syphilitic disease, that they not only arise after the disappearance of the primary protopathic phenomena, but likewise while these phenomena are still running their course. Whatever may be said of the protection which a chancre or a various bubo affords against the breaking out of constitutional syphilis, there is unimpeachable testimony that this protection does not always ex

-JAHR Georg Heinrich Gottlieb Omiting for the present all considerations of the questions about simple and syphilitic gonorrhoea, and taking it for granted the secondary syphilitic phenomena always originate in some manifest or concealed chancre, or in something equivalent, such as buboes or mucous tubercles, as their remote cause, an equally important question will then arise: Under what conditions will primary syphilis be capable of causing secondary phenomena? It is an admitted fact that secondary phenomena always arise when the primary symptoms are either neglected or removed by external applications alone; another question is, whether secondary phenomena can develop themselves even after the primary infection had been apparently eradicated from the system by means of the most appropriate specific internal treatment, in consequence of which, all external manifestations of the internal disease had been completely removed and extinguished. Concerning this question we have no reliab

-Schwabe In this new research, a bioassay with arsenic-stressed duckweed (Lemna gibba L.) was developed to study potentially regulative effects of homoeopathic preparations. Researchers had compared potentized substances (nine different potency levels between 17x and 33x) with two controls (unsuccussed and succussed water) regarding their influence on number- and area-related growth rate and colour of fronds (leaves). Screening included 11 potentised substances: Arsenicum album, gibberellic acid, nosode, arsenic (V), phosphorus, Conchae, Acidum picrinicum, Argentum nitricum, Crotalus horridus, Hepar sulfuris, and Mercurius vivus naturalis. Duckweed was stressed with arsenic (V) for 48 hours. Afterwards, plants grew in either potentised substances or water controls for 6 days. Growth rate and color of fronds were determined with a computerised image analysis system for different time intervals (days 0–2, 2–6, 0–6). A systematic negative control experiment with unsuccussed water was us

-Schwabe Schwabe Germany is a name associated with eye drops in homoeopathy since a century. Efficacy of the product Cineraria Maritima Schwabe Eye Drops (CMS) helped expansion of the consumer base beyond homoeopathic market. It is now recommended by physicians for corneal opacities, cataract, senile cataract, for disturbed metabolism leading to above changes in the vitreous bodies and to delay the on-set of cataract in people above 45 years of age. It is a medicine to be used under medical advice. However, the company had feed-back of its use in common problems like strain, fatigue, dryness, irritation due to dust, smoke, glare of TV & computers. Even though the product was not meant for these minor problems it was used. Being herbal and safe people had no harmful effect. There was a demand for less expensive all purpose eye drops for common problems from the trusted makers of original CMS Eye drops. People specifically wanted an alcohol free eye drops from Schwabe-Germany. The

- SCHWABE It has been recently introduced in homoeopathy and is used empirically. It is an Indian herb with long tradition of use as nervine and cardiac tonic . It is an old Indian medicine known as ‘Brahmi’. It attracted the scientific attention as back as 1931 when Journal of Indian Medical Association reported that it has an alkaloid Brahmine, which has therapeutic similarity with strychnine, but is less toxic. Thereafter, the drug has been under continuous research. It is found throughout in India in wet damp marshy regions. It is a small plant and the whole plant is used in preparation of homoeopathic medicine. It is covered by the Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeia of India (Govt. of India). Homoeopathic literature covers impaired memory and indicates its usefulness as a tonic for absent mindedness .1,2,3 Recent research reveals that it has significant influence on learning abilities, reduction of levels of anxiety, improved capacity of adjustments, improved mental function like

- Schwabe -JAHR Georg Heinrich Gottlieb It is a new clinical verification trial of Plumbum metallicum conducted in Italy. In a previous paper in the journal ‘Homeopathy’ the authors had reported the statistical analysis and other distribution data of a homoeopathic pathogenetic trial (HPT) of Plumbum metallicum 30CH carried out by the group, without giving pure materia medica elicited. In this paper special emphasis was given to new symptoms as well as unusual or repeated dreams, while in the previous paper special emphasis was given to repeated and crossed symptoms. Symptoms are reported in their chronological order of appearance in each volunteer. 37 new symptoms were found, useful to update Homoeopathic Repertories. The paper has also included a synthesis of the original HPT of Plumbum metallicum, carried out in 1828 in order to make available the full experimental materia medica currently existing. The researchers have concluded that the new HPT, besides widening the pathogeneti

-JAHR Georg Heinrich Gottlieb These are mixed up with a good many hypothetical speculations to which we shall add our own observations. 1. HAHNEMANN.-If Hahnemann states in his "Chronic Diseases," that the suppression of the local symptoms, the original figwart, is followed by other similar excrescences in other parts of the body-for instance, by "whitish, spongy, sensitive, flat elevations in the buccal cavity, on the tongue, palate, lips," etc.-he evidently means the mucous tubercles, which have been recently observed after chancre (see §70); it would be interesting to know whether he had seen these tubercles, that are at the present time so frequently seen after chancres, break out in consequence of a sycosic gonorrhoea; If so, this would demonstrate the original identity of syphilis and sycosis in an almost irrefutable manner. 2. ATTOMYR (in his "Venereal Diseases") recommends Thuja for cauliflower-excrescences which at first are dry, and afterward

-JAHR Georg Heinrich Gottlieb Almost all recent French authors distinguish, after the fashion of Lagneau, two kinds of sycosic excrescences: (1) The grafted or implanted excrescences of greater density than that of the skin, to which they adhere by their base, a sort of pedicle; most of the sycosic products belong in this class under the name figwarts. (2) Hypertrophic excrescences: these arise by a simple swelling of the cellular tissue of a fold of the skin or mucous membrane, and ulcerate readily, after which they seerete a fetid, slimy pus. The former of these two kinds occurs most frequently, has the most varied forms, and is much more numerous than the humid excrescences. As a general rule, they are seen on the mucous membrane of the genital organs, for instance, on the prepuce, glans, behind the corona, or on the side of the frenulum; sometimes in the orifice of the urethra; among females, we see them on the inside of the labia majora and minora, on the clitoris, around the

-JAHR Georg Heinrich Gottlieb If old-school physicians assert that nothing is easier than to cure these tubercles, since they yield very readily to appropriate external applications, their assertion is undoubtedly correct, provided we understand by the term "cure," a simple removal of these tubercles from the skin by external means. But if we consider that a mere external suppression may superinduce all the symptoms of constitutional syphilis, and that a cure implies not only their suppression, but a complete annihilation of the internal syphilitic disease, we may be willing to admit that the healing of such tubercles is attended with the same greater or less difficulties as that of any other form of primary syphilis. If there ever was a case of syphilis, where it is of the utmost importance to heal the disease with internal means, it is mucous tubercles. These tubercles, like buboes, appertain to a period of development of the syphilitic disease (as we shall show in the se

D-JAHR Georg Heinrich Gottlieb This is a generally not very difficult, especially if other syphilitic symptoms are present on the sexual organs. The only appearances with which they might possibly be confounded, are the elevated chancre, figwarts, mercurial ulcers, and at the anus, with ulcerated hæmorrhoids, or hæmorrhoidal rhagades. From the elevated chancre, and from figwarts, they will readily be distinguished by any one who has read our description of both these appearances in §§ 37, 68, and 73. It is likewise impossible to confound them with mercurial ulcers, even when these are seated in the mouth and fauces; for these ulcers are never raised, but always flat, generally spreading over an extensive surface, and always of a milky-white appearance. As regards hæmorrhoidal ulcers or rhagades, they are always of a more or less violet-red color, never flattened, but always globular, elastic and not resisting to the feel. But it is more difficult to distinguish these tubercles from a

-JAHR Georg Heinrich Gottlieb It must be evident from what we have said, that a bubo should no more than a chancre, be treated with cauterizing or desiccating agents, if we desire to avoid the danger of seeing secondary constitutional syphilis break out in its place. The only external application that can be permitted are warm poultices, in case the pain caused by the inflammation becomes intolerable. Even poultices must only be applied in a case of urgent necessity, after it has become evident that suppuration can no longer be prevented. If applied prematurely, they may hasten the bursting of the tumor, which might perhaps have been prevented by the use of judiciously selected agents. Taking all these points for granted, the following is my mode of treating a bubo: (1) If, during a chancre, glandular swellings in the groin supervene, I leave these unheeded, because I am satisfied that these swellings, if the chancre is healed by truly rational means, always get well of themselves.